4. CORRECT COMPILATION OF GEODETIC SURVEYS FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE RAILWAY

Abstract

Abdualiyev Elerbek Begalievich

Tashkent State University of Transport, doctoral student.

Mirkhanova Mavzhuda Mikhailovna

Tashkent State University of Transport, senior lecturer.

Umaraliev Shokhzhakhon Mukhammadruzi ugli Tashkent State University of Transport, Assistant.

Embergenov Avezmurat Bekmuratovich Tashkent State University of Transport, Assistant.

Abstract: This article forms the composition of engineering and geodetic surveys based on the tasks that are assigned to this direction. The specialist needs to correctly display the plan of the state of the territory in the present tense. The simplification of this task is facilitated by the development of engineering surveys and a number of numerous useful innovations in this area.

Keywords: engineering and geodetic surveys, geodesy, analysis of survey materials, selection of the optimal route, 3D laser scanner, GPS antenna.

ПРАВИЛЬНО СОСТАВЛЕНИЯ ГЕОДЕЗИЧЕСКИХ ИЗЫСКАНИЙ ДЛЯ ПОСТРОЙКИ ЖЕЛЕЗНОЙ ДОРОГИ

Абдуалиев Элёрбек Бегалиевич

Ташкентский государственный университет транспорта, доктарант.

Мирханова Мавжуда Михайиловна

Ташкентский государственный университет транспорта, старший преподаватель.

Умаралиев Шохжахон Мухаммадрузи угли

Ташкентский государственный университет транспорта, ассистент.

Ембергенов Авезмурат Бекмуратович

Ташкентский государственный университет транспорта, ассистент.

Аннотация: Данной статье формируется состав инженерно-геодезических изысканий на основании задач, которые поставлены перед данным направлением. Специалисту нужно правильно отобразить план состояния территории в настоящем времени. Упрощению этой задачи способствует развитие инженерных изысканий и ряд многочисленных полезных инноваций в данной сфере.

Ключевые слова: инженерно-геодезических изысканий, геодезия, анализа материалов съемок, выбор оптимального маршрута, лазерный 3D-сканер, GPS-антенна.

Introduction. The specialist has a large list of goals: to determine the dynamics of natural processes on the site that affect the terrain, track the current situation and make a report. The last document is also referred to as the technical conclusion. It should include complete information about the site from the point of view of geodesy. This allows us to consider the territory as a place for construction, its improvement.

Fig. 1. • Choosing the optimal route for shooting.

It is worth clarifying the full composition of engineering and geodetic surveys, which is usually divided into basic and additional tasks[1,2,3,4,5]. The main part of the basic research program is usually attributed to:

• collection of archival research materials for the past years;
• analysis of filming materials recorded earlier by specialists;
• geological familiarization with the terrain;
• organization of a planned high-altitude and reference network of geodesy, if necessary – updating of previously recorded data;
• implementation of land surveying in a topographic way, which is also facilitated by innovations in engineering and geodetic surveys;
• transfer to the nature of the construction project;
• adaptive binding of the plan to the terrain;
• hydrographic tasks;
• study of the territory to identify possible man-made disasters and the likelihood of accidents;
• choosing the optimal route for laying communications and routes underground.

Due to the fact that the prospects for the development of engineering surveys are increasingly revealed in the field presented, the services of surveyors are becoming faster and more accurate. As a result, after completing the tasks listed above with the use of new equipment, it is possible to proceed to the preparation of a report and the development of a construction project in a fairly short time.

Fig. 2. • Selection of the device for shooting.

Specialists in the field of geodesy apply actively developed innovations in engineering systems[6,7,8,9]. The latest equipment allows measurements to be made with smaller errors, in order to start construction as soon as possible, their accuracy is a millimeter and a fraction of a millimeter. An electronic total station of a modern type makes it possible to simplify the work during measurements. It is represented by an angle measuring part, a built-in PC and a light rangefinder. When the engineer has taken measurements, he can upload the information to the computer. In the future, the information is processed using special software. Robotic tachometers are popular. Even one specialist can use them to organize surveillance. The device tracks information about the reflector, independently conducts measurements. No less in demand are a 3D laser scanner and a GPS antenna. Let's take a closer look at the latest device – the GPS or GLONAS receiver is highly accurate and allows you to get information that is most relevant to reality. In practice, a specialist using a GPS antenna spends less time and effort on performing engineering and geodetic surveys. The device has a small size, is easy to handle and is characterized by different rates of transmission of center data.

The laser scanner works in accordance with the system of measuring angles and distances to the points of reflection of laser radiation. Spatial coordinates can be measured with high accuracy, the frequency can be up to 100,000 per second. As a result, the specialist deals with the digital format of the object model that needed to be measured[10,11,12]. There are 2 types of such devices: ground and air. Another of the modern techniques that is actively used by specialists in the organization of a practical number of geodetic tasks is the technique of carrying out building elements in kind. The most significant developments in recent years have been studied and analyzed, which are skillfully used by modern specialists in practice. Prospects for the development of engineering surveys, reduce costs to construction companies and provide a wide range of services to customers at a more efficient level.

Conclusion. Digital technologies in the field of engineering and geodetic surveys occupy a leading place. This is the future of this field, which allows you to effectively measure the terrain of the earth, even in cases of dense vegetation, complex construction projects and other difficult moments in the work of geodetic engineers. The introduction of innovative technologies, both in the construction sector and the laying of new routes, allows us to use in practice a single mechanism that seeks to develop networks of airfields, highways, complex and unique types of buildings.

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