3.25 Philosophical analysis of the development of road transport

Abstract

Аnnotation

  The rise of human intelligence, which is considered the subject of social relations, became the basis for the emergence of new approaches and changes within the framework of social relations. In particular, the discovery of vehicles was of particular importance in raising social relations to a new level. If we look at the history of the creation of cars, the first cars were created on the basis of the carts of that time. Therefore, they were called self-propelled carts.

Keywords: discovery, development, vehicles, cars.

 Social relations could not remain unchanged and undeveloped. Social relations cannot be excluded from the characteristics of reciprocity, which apply to all phenomena. “The system of social relations is an open system, the doors of entry and exit to it are open, and it is constantly in a state of mutual exchange. In addition, previously differentiated systems under its influence are constantly involved in the process of mutual exchange. This is expressed in the fact that over time, social relationships adapt to the times. The emergence of human intelligence, which is considered the subject of social relations, became the basis for the emergence of new approaches and changes within the framework of social relations. In particular, the discovery of transportation was of particular importance in raising social relations to a new level. If we consider the history of the creation of cars, the first cars were created on the basis of the carts of that time. That's why they were called self-propelled carts.

It should be noted that the phrase “self-propelled stroller” was not used in vain. Because the word car, coming from a combination of the Greek autos - itself and the Latin mobilis - moving, walking, means “self-propelled”. The first machine of this type was created in Russia. “In 1751-1752, a peasant from the Nizhny Novgorod province (Russia) Leonty Shamshurenkov built a self-propelled cart that could be driven by two people. Ya. P. Kulibin proposed several important mechanisms, for example a gearbox. This gearbox is considered to be the first transmission option in a modern car. The “self-propelled wheelchairs” created by these Russian inventors are driven by mechanisms powered by human physical strength. Perhaps for this reason there are those who liken these devices to bicycles. True, the discovery of “self-propelled carriages” also served as an impetus for the creation of bicycles. Because they are both driven by human power. However, it would be correct to say that “self-propelled strollers” were the forerunners of cars, not bicycles. These factors, in a certain sense, influenced the change in social relations. People tried to invent and produce other means to rise higher. There was a desire from simplicity to complexity.

The next, and perhaps the main origin of cars is considered to be steam cars. It should be noted that steam cars were not invented immediately. Perhaps this type of transport was discovered gradually by inventors who spent decades conducting independent research in different regions. Due to certain shortcomings, the steam engines created during these years were not popular and failed. It was not until 1784 that the English mechanic James Watt invented a significantly improved version of the steam engine, and this invention played a decisive role in the development of all types of transport. After this, the number of steam engines increased and their quality improved. One of these was a steam engine built by Richard Trevithick in 1801. However, over the years, internal combustion engine cars began to replace steam engines. This process was started by Jacques Etienne Lenoir, a French mechanic who invented the gas engine in 1860. Later, the German inventor Nikolaus Otto created a more economical and modern gas engine. German experts were not satisfied with these achievements in the automotive industry. In particular, G. In 1882, Daimler created a gasoline engine that was successfully used in cars. The engine, more compact, more convenient and with higher efficiency, was invented in 1893 by the German engineer Rudolf Diesel. The discovery of pneumatic tires by Irishman John Bond in 1888 was important in the development of the automobile industry. After this, cars began to be produced in large quantities. In 1900 there were 8,000 cars worldwide, in 1905 there were 78,000 cars, in 1910 there were 468,500 cars, and in 1914 there were 2,500,000 cars. The number of cars continues to grow. If we look at today's statistics, now "the total number of cars in the countries of the world is more than 1 billion, and most of them belong to developed countries."

 This growth is not in vain. Because it is more convenient to own and manage motor transport than other types of transport. Currently, we know the following types of transport: cars, trains, ships, various aircraft, for example, airplanes. Among them, the most accessible, that is, the cheapest, are cars. Not everyone can afford to buy planes, trains and ships. Only rich, wealthy people can create these opportunities for themselves. However, no society, not even that of the United States or other developed countries, consists only of the rich. Society consists of various social strata, categories, castes and classes. Naturally, people living in society have different financial situations. Neither in the 1900s, when cars were invented, nor in the current 2020s, most people did not have and cannot afford vehicles such as trains, planes and ships. The reason for the popularity of cars was the desire of their manufacturers for innovation, the desire to create inexpensive, economical, compact and high-quality cars, as well as the transition to serial production of cars.

It should be recognized that this innovation, introduced many years ago, has made fundamental changes not only in the automotive industry, but also in other modes of transport, and in the entire manufacturing industry. The essence of standardization was that now manufacturing enterprises must produce their products based on certain requirements and standards. In particular, the production of automobiles had a number of requirements for technical characteristics, quality, safety, price and other aspects of the car, and a car that did not meet any of them was not released to the market. Second, mass – conveyor production – is the simultaneous production of hundreds, thousands and tens of thousands of the same car model. In turn, this led to the production of a large number of cars.

Of course, there are a number of other factors related to innovation and production that we mentioned above, all of which ensured and continue to ensure the production of cars in large quantities and their continued purchase by customers. However, in addition to this, cars have a number of advantages over other modes of transport, which influence the development of the automotive industry. These benefits include:

- it is possible to deliver goods directly from the sender to the recipient by road without the help of other modes of transport;

- cars do not require a special place for loading and unloading. However, there must be a station for trains, a port for ships and an airport for planes;

- ease and convenience of driving compared to driving other types of transport;

- the possibility of making a profit by transporting small loads by car;

- freedom of movement of cars, stopping and performing various maneuvers during movement (for example, you cannot stop or turn at the place of departing trains);

- availability of alternative options for using various fuel and energy sources for cars;

- the number of directions of roads along which cars move, the high probability of roads passing and the possibility of building new roads and repairing old ones without stopping the movement of cars.

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